The Alliance for Progress is formed, a U.S.-sponsored program to counter communism in Latin America. Soviet-controlled East Germany divides Berlin with the Berlin Wall. The Warsaw Pact is formed by the Soviet Union and communist countries in eastern Europe as a military defense organization to counter NATO.Ĭuba becomes communist under Fidel Castro. The United States' involvement spans 1961-73, making it the country's longest war. The Vietnam War begins shortly after Vietnam is divided into communist North Vietnam and non-communist South Vietnam. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is formed to thwart the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) assists in the overthrow of Guatemala's communist-influenced government. More than 300,000 East Germans flee to West Berlin and then to West Germany. The Korean War begins, the first armed conflict in the Cold War, the global struggle between communism and democracy. Senator Joseph McCarthy begins his communist witch hunt in the United States. The United States continues to support the government of Nationalist China, led by Chiang Kai-shek, which is forced to retreat to the island of Taiwan. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is formed by the United States and many western European countries to defend Europe against Soviet aggression.Ĭommunist forces under Mao Zedong take over mainland China. The Berlin airlift supplies West Berlin with basic necessities after the Soviet Union blocks off the city in an effort to force the West to give it up. It marks the beginning of the Truman doctrine. President Harry Truman requests funds to support Greek and Turkish efforts to fight communism. Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, and France divide Berlin and Germany into four zones of occupation, a decision made during the Yalta conference.īritish Prime Minister Winston Churchill's “ Iron Curtain” speech marks beginning of the Cold War. Soviet army marches into Berlin the German capital city falls. Infoplease Staff Key events and moments during the tense time between the Western and Eastern Blocs 1945
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